The Kremlin planned and carried out hybrid campaigns against Arme- nia, as well as several European coun- tries and neighbouring states. An Ar- menian fact-checking platform gained access to a large collection of secret documents that confirm this. The list of countries targeted by Russian operations includes France, Germany, Norway, Moldova and Ukraine. The list extends further. Hackers appear to have caused the leak. The archive contains documents, correspondence, screenshots and oth- er materials from the Social Design Agency. The organisation operates un- der the influence of Sergey Kiriyenko, first deputy head of Russia’s presiden- tial administration. The files include information about several projects targeting Armenia. They also contain reports on the results of what organisers described as “suc- cessful operations”. The organisers allocated substan- tial funding to carry out these proj- ects. Pricing documents for so-called “research” centres in Israel and Egypt support this. The files also detail pay- ments for their services. “The monthly operating costs of such a centre in Israel reached 1.5m roubles. Another 3m roubles covered content distribution and payments to influencers. The activities of the ‘Anti- Globalism’ institute in Egypt cost an estimated 5m roubles a month,” the publication says. Daniel loannisyan, programme coordinator at the NGO Union of Informed Citizens, described the revelations as an “information bomb” “Sergey Kiriyenko has never ap- peared this exposed,” he said. The revelations did not surprise the rights advocate. “But while we previously only knew about this, we now have evidence and facts. I think diplomatic channels should clarify the situation. The Foreign Ministry should summon the Russian ambassador and demand explanations,” loannisyan wrote on his Facebook page. What is known so far, along with reactions from Armenia’s social media sphere. What FIP uncovered Documents obtained by the Fact Investigation Platform (FIP) point to coordinated political and information operations by Russian actors. The materials describe both completed and planned information campaigns by the Social Design Agency, which operates under the leadership of Sergey Kiriy-enko. “The tools include the creation of doppelgänger websites, the spread of fake news, the organisation of street protests, sabotage and other operations on the ground, as well as the involvement of experts and influencers to promote preferred narratives,” FIP.am reported The leaked archive contains information campaign strategies, documents outlining future plans and operational reports. The materials show efforts to “fuel anger against Armenia and discredit Prime Minister” Nikol Pashinyan. The Kremlin-backed agency used the same tools in European Union countries and neighbouring regions. Many operations relied on false- flag tactics. “For example, organisers designed some operations against Armenia to create the impression that Turkey co- ordinated them,” the publication says. Participants communicated under pseudonyms, many of which remain easy to identify. For example, Sergey Vladilenovich Kiriyenko used the ini- tials SVK. Another active participant was Sofiya Zakharova, head of the de- partment for the development of infor- mation and communication technolo- gies. She used the pseudonym Kristin Killer. “Correspondence shows that staff report to Sofiya Zakharova, who uses the pseudonym Kristin Killer (col- leagues also refer to her as Sofiya). The messages also mention her need to coordinate some financial matters with Sergey Kiriyenko (listed in correspon- dence as SVK),” the Fact Investigation Platform reported. ‘Marseille’ and other operations against Armenia Among the campaigns carried out by the Social Design Agency, Arme- nian society already knows well the “Marseille” operation, which investi- gators exposed last year. In one email addressed to Sofiya Zakharova, a person using the pseud- onym Edward Bernays wrote that there had been “success in Armenia”. He added that “Armenian media and dias- pora opinion leaders spread the story about the corruption scandal”. The correspondence goes further. It states that organisers “managed to pro- voke domestic political confrontation” between the authorities and the oppo- sition. The messages also recommend reviewing a full report on the “success- ful operation”. The report includes: publications by Armenian media outlets and social media pages that reposted the fake ar- ticle; screenshots of Facebook com- ments showing hate rhetoric generated by the materials. “The report states that 17 agents took part in spreading the material. It gained around 10.6 million views, while content debunking it reached about 1.1 million views.” The leaked documents also sug- gest that the agency controls the Rus- sian-language website Yerevan1. The outlet’s main purpose involves shap- ing negative attitudes towards Arme- nian Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan among Armenian communities in Rus- sia. The website regularly publishes ar- ticles critical of the Armenian authori- ties. One example involved an “astro- logical analysis of Nikol Pashinyan’s political future”, which appeared on the site in May 2026. The documents also reveal projects that the agency led by Sergey Kiriy- enko planned against Armenia: